Evenness Indices Measure the Signal Strength of Biweight Site Chronologies

نویسنده

  • KURT H. RIITTERS
چکیده

The signal strength of a biweight site chronology is properly viewed as an outcome of analysis rather than as aproperty of the forest-climate system. It can beestimated by theevennessof theempirical weights that are assigned to individual trees. The approach is demonstrated for a 45-year biweight chronology obtained from 40 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees. The annual evenness of the empirical weights is calculated by indices derived from the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the variances are found by the jackknife procedure. The annual estimates are then averaged to find an overall estimate of biweight signal strength for the 45-year period. These techniques are most useful for determining sample sizes for the biweight procedure, and for comparing different methods of detrending and standardizing data sets prior to applying the biweight mean-value function. Die Signalstuke einer durch 'robuste Mittelung' gebildeten Standortchronologie ('biweight site chronology') ist eher eine Folge der Berechnung als eine Eigenschaft des Systems aus Wald und Klima. Die Signalstake laDt sich anhand der Gleichheit der den Einzelbaumen zugeordneten empirischen Gewichte abschatzen. Dies wird fur eine 4 5 j h i g e 'robust gemittelte' Chronologie von 40 Kiefem (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) gezeigt. Die jiihrliche Gleichheit der empirischen Gewichte wird anhand von Indices berechnet, die ausden Shannonund Simpson-Diversitats-Indices abgeleitet sind; die Varianzen werden mit der 'jackknife7-Prozedur gefunden. Danach werden die j&rlichen Schlzungen gemittelt, um eine Schatzung der Signalstake fur die gesamte 45jiihrige Periode zu erhalten. Dies ist wichtig fiir die Bestimmung der Stichprobengrok fur die 'robuste Mittelung,' aber auch fur den Vergleich verschiedenerverfahren derTrendeleminierung und Standardisierung von Datensatzen vor ~ n w e n d u n ~ der sog. 'biweight-mean value function', d.h. der 'robusten Mittelung'. La force du signal d'une chronologie de site bipondbree est correctement considerke comme un resultat d'analyse plutBt que comme une proprittk du systsme for&-climat. Elle peut &tre estimie par I'tquitabilitC des poids empiriques qui son1 anribuks aux arbres individuels. Cette approche est demontree pour une chronologie bipondiree de 45 ans obtenue 1 partir de 40 Pinus banksiana Lamb. Cjack pine). L'BquitabilitC annuelle des poids empiriques est calculte par des indices derives des indices de diversite de Shannon et Simpson et les variances sont obtenues par la procedure dite "jacknife". Les estimtes annuelles son1 alors moyenntes pour trouver une estimee d'ensemble de la force du signal bipondere pour unepkriode de45 ans. Ces techniques sont lesplus utiles pourdeterminer lesdimensions de I'echantillonnage par la procedure par biponderation et pour comparer les differentes methodes utilisees pour supprimer les tendances et standardiser les jeux de donntes avant d'appliquer la fonction de la valeur moyenne biponderee.

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تاریخ انتشار 2006